Soil

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Soil, also commonly referred to as earth, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life of plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil.

Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution). Accordingly, soil is a three-state system of solids, liquids, and gases. Soil is a product of several factors: the influence of climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and the soil´s parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. It continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion. Given its complexity and strong internal connectedness, soil ecologists regard soil as an ecosystem.
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  • Servierplatte; Steingutfabrik Neuleiningen; Ende 19 Jh.

    Servierplatte; Steingutfabrik Neuleiningen; Ende 19 Jh.

    Große, ovale Servierplatte...

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    Image: Stadtmuseum Bad Dürkheim, Museumsgesellschaft Bad Dürkheim e.V. - CC BY-NC-SA

  • Totes Huhn

    Totes Huhn

    „Ein totes Huhn, das vor der...

    Object information
    Image: Kurt Mühlenhaupt Museum - CC BY-NC-SA

  • Groppe (Cottus gobio)

    Groppe (Cottus gobio)

    Trockenpräparat einer Groppe...

    Object information
    Image: Museum Naturalienkabinett Waldenburg - CC BY-NC-SA

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